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National Museum of Natural History
History The museum opened its doors to the public on March 11, 1910 in order to provide the growing Smithsonian Institution with more space for collections and research. The building, which was not fully completed until 1911, was designed by Hornblower & Marshall.
The building, designed in the neoclassical architectural style, was the first constructed on the north side of the National Mall, along Constitution Avenue, as part of the 1901 McMillan Commission plan. In 2000, Kenneth E. Behring donated $80 million to the museum and in 1997 donated $20 million to modernize it. In addition to exhibits, the museum maintains vast reference collections and research facilities. See the online collections at collections.nmnh.si.edu In 2005, The “Butterfly of Peace” gem was first displayed in the U.S.
In 2008, an exhibit opened with 5,000 square feet (460 m2) dedicated to soil and its life-sustaining properties. Features Hall of Geology, Gems, and Minerals The National Gem and Mineral Collection is one of the most significant collections of its kind in the world. The collection includes some of the most famous pieces of gems and minerals including the Hope Diamond and the Star of Asia Sapphire, one of the largest sapphires in the world.
There are currently over 15,000 individual gems in the collection, as well as 350,000 minerals and 300,000 samples of rock and ore specimens. Additionally, the Smithsonian’s National Gem and Mineral Collection houses approximately 35,000 meteorites, which is considered to be one of the most comprehensive collections of its kind in the world. The museum as seen from the National Mall, the Old Post Office Building visible in the distance The collection is displayed in the Janet Annenberg Hooker Hall of Geology, Gems and Minerals, one of the many galleries in the Museum of Natural History. Some of the most important donors are Washington A. Roebling, the man who built the Brooklyn Bridge, who gave 16,000 specimens to the collection, Frederick A. Canfield, who donated 9,000 specimens to the collection, and Dr. Isaac Lea, who donated the base of the museum collection of 1312 gems and minerals. Hall of Human Origins The David H. Koch Hall of Human Origins is part of a $20.7 million exhibition by ongoing human origins research and education programs, which are all key components of the museum broader initiative, uman Origins: What Does It Mean to Be Human?6] It is “using the actual field sites where research is being conducted, a display of more than 75 skulls (cast reproductions) and an interactive human family tree showcasing 6 million years of evolutionary evidence from around the world.” The exhibit was designed by Reich + Petch. Dinosaurs/Hall of Paleobiology The museum has over 570,000 catalogued reptiles from around the world. The National Collection of Amphibians and Reptiles has increased 300% over the past 40 years (190,000 specimen records in 1970 to over 570,000 specimen records in 2008). The Hall of Dinosaurs has fossilized skeletons and cast models, including Tyrannosaurus rex facing off with Triceratops, and the “Triceratops exhibit shows the first accurate dinosaur skeleton in virtual motion, achieved through the use of scanning and digital technology.” The collection consists of 46 “complete and important specimens” of dinosaurs. The website has a “virtual tour” of the collection. Hall of Mammals The Behring Hall of Mammals designed by Reich + Petch is a multi-award winning gallery. The design is innovative and welcoming.
The mammal specimens are presented as works of modern art within strikingly minimal environmentals. Visitors discover mammal’s evolutionary adaptions to hugely diverse contexts, and ultimately discover that they too are mammals. The museum has the largest collection of vertebrate specimens in the world, nearly twice the size of the next largest mammal collections, including historically important collections from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Its collection was initiated by C. Hart Merriam and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (later the Department of Interior), which expanded it in the 1890s-1930s. Insect Zoo The O. Orkin Insect Zoo features live insects and exhibits about insects and entomologists. Different habitats have been created to show the type of insects that live in different environments and how they have adapted to a freshwater pond, house, mangrove swamp, desert, and rain forest. The zoo is sponsored by Orkin, a pest control company. Ocean Hall The Sant Ocean Hall opened on September 27, 2008, and is the largest renovation of the museum since it opened in 1910. The hall includes 674 marine specimens and models drawn from the over 80 million specimens in the museum’s total collection, the largest in the world. The hall is named for the Roger Sant family, who donated $15 million to endow the new hall and other related programs. The hall consists of 23,000 square feet of exhibition space and features a replica of a 45-foot-long North Atlantic Right Whale, a 1,500-gallon aquarium, a 24-foot-long female giant squid, an adult coelacanth, and a Basilosaurus. African Voices This hall “examines the diversity, dynamism, and global influence of Africa’s peoples and cultures over time in the realms of family, work, community, and the natural environment.” Butterflies + Plants: Partners In Evolution Featuring a live butterfly pavilion allows “visitors to observe the many ways in which butterflies and other animals have evolved, adapted, and diversified together with their plant partners over tens of millions of years.”
The exhibit was designed by Reich + Petch. Western Cultures Hall “This hall explores some examples from various cultures in the western world including northern Iraq, ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome and the recent discovery of the Iceman, a Copper Age mummy found in an Italian glacier.” Korea Gallery The Korea Gallery is a special showcase to celebrate Korean traditions and examine its unique influence and complex role in the world today. The exhibit expresses the continuity of the past by highlighting enduring features of Korean culture that have influence and resonance today. The exhibit uses the Smithsonian ceramics collection as well as a rich contect of photographs, ritual objects and traditional Korean carpentry to communicate and connect to both the local Korean community and an international audience. Traditional art forms such as ceramics and calligraphy along with mythological figures, language, large feature photographs and illustrations speak to a fascinating range of shared historical memories that connect Koreans at home and abroad. Personal stories of modern Koreans, as told in their own voices, provide a context to discuss some of the many issues that face the divided country today. Korea’s incredible transformation from ‘The Hermit Kingdom’ to a world power is traced through its impact on the arts, the economy and popular culture.
The exhibit was designed by Reich + Petch. Osteology: Hall of Bones This exhibit displays a “variety of vertebrate skeletons grouped by their evolutionary relationships.” Temporary Exhibits Discovering Rastafari! November 2, 2007 – November 2010 Using artifacts, rare photographs, and ephemera to explore the origins and religious practices of the movement in Jamaica, this exhibition takes viewers beyond the popular Jamaican music known as reggae to the deeper roots of the Rastafari culture. Video footage featuring first-person testimony from male and female Rastafari of different ages, nationalities, and racial and class backgrounds speak to Rastafari of unity and to the spread of the movement across the Caribbean and beyond over the past three decades. Dig It! The Secrets of the Soil July 19, 2008-January 3, 2010 Featuring the world of fungi, bacteria, worms, and other organisms, this exhibition draws connections between soils and everyday life. Written in Bone: Forensic Files of the 17th-Century Chesapeake February 7, 2009- February 6, 2011 This exhibition examines history through 17th-century bone biographies, including those of colonists teetering on the edge of survival at Jamestown, Virginia, and those of wealthy and well-established individuals of St. Mary City, Maryland. Farmers, Warriors, Builders: The Hidden Life of Ants May 30, 2009- October 10, 2009 This exhibition features large-format photographs of ants going about their daily business, a cast of an underground ant city, and a live ant colony.
Other The museum has an IMAX Theater for feature-length films, and the Discovery Room, a family- and student-friendly hands-on activity room on the first floor. In the lower level there is a bird exhibit with all the migratory and native birds to Washington D.C. Gallery Underneath the museum rotunda Hope Diamond Hall of Dinosaurs Hall of Mammals Hall of Mammals other wall In popular culture The South Park episode About Last Night… concerns a plot to steal the Hope Diamond. In Fallout 3, one of the museum’s sections is home to the ghoul’s (Humans mutated to resemble corpses by nuclear war) city named Underworld. In 2008′s Get Smart (film), the fictional spy organization CONTROL is located underneath the National Museum of Natural History A few artifacts from the National Museum of Natural History, like the giant squid, inspired the ones that come to life in the film Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian References ^ “Museum History”. National Museum of Natural History. 2008. http://www.mnh.si.edu/about/history.htm. Retrieved 2009-11-15. ^ “Smithsonian Receives Gift Of $80 Million”. New York Times. September 19, 2000. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F06EFDF143BF93AA2575AC0A9669C8B63. Retrieved 2008-09-17. ^ “NYC exhibit of diamonds arranged as butterfly”. Staten Island Advance. September 3, 2008. http://www.silive.com/newsflash/index.ssf?/base/news-36/1220542174264090.xml. Retrieved 2008-09-17. ^ “Smithsonian’s ‘Dig It’ exhibit opens with help from UD soil scientists”. University of Delaware. September 7, 2008. http://www.udel.edu/udaily/2009/aug/digit080608.html. Retrieved 2008-09-17. ^ a b Hevesi, Dennis (2008-04-06). “George Switzer, 92, Dies; Started a Gem Treasury”. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/06/us/06SWITZER.html?ref=us. Retrieved 2008-04-09. ^ “New Exhibition Hall Devoted to Human Origins to Open at Smithsonian Natural History Museum in March 2010″. National Museum of Natural History. October 2009. http://anthropology.si.edu/humanorigins/Human_Origins_Initiative_release__09_454.pdf. Retrieved 2008-09-17. ^ “Vertebrate Zoology: Division of Amphibians & Reptiles”. National Museum of Natural History. 2008. http://vertebrates.si.edu/herps/herps_collections.html. Retrieved 2008-09-17. ^ “New and Improved”. National Geographic. December 1, 2000. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/premium/0286/0286-6431593.html. Retrieved 2008-09-17. ^ “Dinosaur Hall”. National Museum of Natural History. 2008. http://www.mnh.si.edu/specialevents/dinosaurs.html. Retrieved 2008-09-17. ^ “Dinosaur Collections”. National Museum of Natural History. 2008. http://paleobiology.si.edu/dinosaurs/. Retrieved 2008-09-17. ^ “Virtual Tour of the Dinosaur Collections”. National Museum of Natural History. 2008. http://www.mnh.si.edu/museum/VirtualTour/Tour/First/Dinosaurs/. Retrieved 2008-09-17. ^ “Department of Vertebrate Zoology”. National Museum of Natural History. 2008. http://vertebrates.si.edu/. Retrieved 2008-09-17. ^ “Vertebrate Zoology: Division of Mammals”. National Museum of Natural History. 2008. http://vertebrates.si.edu/mammals/mammals_collections.html. Retrieved 2008-09-17. ^ “The New Sant Ocean Hall Opens Sept 27. at the Smithonian’s National Museum of Natural History”. National Museum of Natural History. September 24, 2008. http://ocean.si.edu/ocean_hall/press_releases/OceanHallRelease08_341.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-28. ^ a b c d e f g h “Current Exhibitions”. National Museum of Natural History. http://www.mnh.si.edu/exhibits/current.html. ^ “National Museum of Natural History – Smithsonian Institution”. Washington Post. 2008. http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/cityguide/profile?id=793020&p=print. Retrieved 2008-09-17. ^ “”Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian” Treasure Map”. Smithsonian Institution. http://www.gosmithsonian.com/nightatthemuseummovie/natural-history-map. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: National Museum of Natural History, USA National Museum of Natural History official website National Museum of Natural History – National Gem and Mineral Collection Research collections of the National Museum of Natural History Finding Aid to the Records of the Department of Anthropology, United States National Museum-National Museum of Natural History, Manuscript and Pamphlet File, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution Reich + Petch – exhibit designer for the Hall of Mammals, Hall of Human Origins, Butterfly Gallery and Korea Gallery v d e Smithsonian Museums List of Smithsonian museums Anacostia Community Museum Archives of American Art Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Arts and Industries Building Cooper-Hewitt Freer Gallery of Art Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden National Air and Space Museum National Museum of African American History and Culture (Future) National Museum of African Art National Museum of American History National Museum of the American Indian National Museum of Natural History National Portrait Gallery National Postal Museum S. Dillon Ripley Center Smithsonian American Art Museum Smithsonian Institution Building Smithsonian National Zoological Park (National Zoo) Coordinates: 385329 770133 / 38.8913N 77.0259W / 38.8913; -77.0259 Categories: Natural history museums in Washington, D.C. | National Mall | Natural history of the United States | Smithsonian Institution | Domes | Dinosaur museums in the United States | Rotundas | Members of the Cultural Alliance of Greater Washington | Museums established in 1910 | Insectariums | American national museums in Washington, D.C.
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El Anatsui installing “Between Earth and Heaven”